This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of climatological indicators, probabilistic forecasts, and localized impact metrics tracking the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle across Malaysia. It integrates core global climate metrics including the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with regional monsoon dynamics to monitor how sea surface temperature anomalies alter local seasonal rainfall across Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak. 

The dataset captures the two opposite extremes of both ENSO phases, detailing severe heatwaves, prolonged dry spells, soil moisture deficits in agriculture, and transboundary haze during El Niño, as well as heavy rainfall, river overflows, flash flooding, and supply chain disruptions during La Niña.

This dataset makes climate science simple and practical for the public. Rather than focusing on raw data, it explains how global El Niño and La Niña trends directly affect weather across Malaysia. By showing what these changes mean for local heatwaves, droughts, haze, and flash flooding, it helps communities and planners act before extreme weather hits.

Nur Izzati Zaini, Ricky Anak Kemarau (2026). El Niño & La Niña Phenomena: Understanding the Climate Pattern in Malaysia. MyIKLIM. Available online: https://myiklimysd.ukm.my/atmgh_001_enso/